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Collection Data types in Python – 7th Day of Python Series

Hello everyone, I hope you are doing well. So today we will learn about collection data types in python.

So far we have seen built-in types like int, float, bool, str int, float, and bool are considered to be simple or primitive data types.

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Let’s start with python collection data types.

Wait, why we need collection data types.

when we want to treat some data as a group, it would not be good to create individual variables for each data. We can store them together as a collection

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Python List datatypes 

The list is an ordered sequence of items. It is one of the most used data types in Python and is very flexible. 

a = [1, 2.2, ‘python’]

Items in python need not be of the same type.

Suppose we want to store the ticket numbers allocated to each passenger traveling on a flight. Instead of using a separate variable for each ticket number, we can use a list as shown below.

Lists are mutable, meaning, the value of elements of a list can be altered.

In case of having different variables for each ticket number, variables will be stored in separate memory locations. Whereas in the case of a list, the elements will be stored in contiguous memory locations.  

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Each element in the list has a position known as index starting from 0.

We can directly access any item of list by writing it’s index.

Syntax for accessing item: List_name[index]
Example: number = List_name[3]

We can directly modify list item

Syntax: List_name[index] = value
Example: List_name[3] = 10988

If we have a list of 10 items then we cannot write 

List_name[11] It will result in Out of bound exception.

If we write List_name[10] it will also result in Out of bound exception because the index starts with 0.

Creating a list:

Creating an empty listsample_list=[]
Creating a list with known size and known elementssample_list1=[“Mark”,5,”Jack”,9, “Chan”,5] sample_list2=[“Mark”,”Jack”, “Chan”]List can store both homogeneous and heterogeneous elements
Creating a list with known size and unknown elementssample_list=[None]*5None denotes an unknown value in Python
Length of the listlen(sample_list)Displays the number of elements in the list

Random access of elements:

Random readprint(sample_list[2])
Random writesample_list[2]=“James”List is mutable i.e., the above statement will rewrite the existing value at index position 2 with “James”.

Other operations:

Adding an element to the end of the listsample_list.append(“James”)List need not have a fixed size, it can grow dynamically
Concatenating two listsnew_list=[“Henry”,”Tim”]sample_list+=new_listsample_list=sample_list+new_listsample_list+=new_list, concatenates new_list to sample_list
sample_list=sample_list+new_list, creates a new list named sample_list containing the concatenated elements from the original sample_list and new_list
Other operations

Iterating throw the List 

1.for index in range(0,len(list_of_airlines)):

    print(list_of_airlines[index])

2.for airline in list_of_airlines:

    print(airline)

Program:

list_of_airlines=[“AI”,”EM”,”BA”]

airline=”AI”

if airline in list_of_airlines:

    print(“Airline found”)

else:

    print(“Airline not found”)

Output:

Airline found

Python tuple datatype

A tuple is an ordered sequence of items same as a list. The only difference is that tuples are immutable. Tuples once created cannot be modified.

Tuples are used to write-protect data and are usually faster than lists as they cannot change dynamically.

It is defined within parentheses () where items are separated by commas.

Tuples are immutable and the elements are READ-ONLY.

Creating a tuplelunch_menu=(“Welcome Drink”,”Veg Starter”,”Non-Veg Starter”,”Veg Main Course”,”Non-Veg Main Course”,”Dessert”)() are optional, a set of values separated by comma is also considered to be a tuple. sample_tuple=”A”,”B”,”C”Although () are optional, it is a good practice to have them for the readability of code. If we need to create a tuple with a single element, then we need to include a comma as shown below:sample_tuple=(“A”,)
Random Writelunch_menu[0]=””This will result in an error as tuple is immutable. Hence random write is not possible in tuple.

Python String Datatype

In a program, not all values will be numerical. We will also have alphabetical or alpha numerical values. Such values are called strings.

Example:“Hello World”, “AABGT6715H”

String is represented by single or double quotes.

Just like list we can access each character of the string by its index.

String“AABGT6715H”
CharacterAABGT6715H
Index0123456789

Python set datatype

A set is an unordered group of values with no duplicate entries. Set can be created by using the keyword set or by using curly braces {}. set function is used to eliminate duplicate values in a list.

Creating a setflight_set={500,520,600,345,520,634,600,500,200,200}Removes the duplicates from the given group of values to create the set.
Eliminating duplicates from a listpassengers_list=[“George”, “Annie”, “Jack”, “Annie”, “Henry”, “Helen”, “Maria”, “George”, “Jack”, “Remo”]unique_passengers=set(passengers_list)set function – removes the duplicates from the list and returns a set
Common elements between setA and setBsetA & setBCreates a new set which has common elements from setA and setB
Elements that are only in setAsetA – setBCreates a new set which has only unique elements of setA
Merges elements of setA and setBsetA | setBCreates a new set which has all the elements of setA and setB

Python Dictionary

Dictionary is an unordered collection of key-value pairs.

It is generally used when we have a huge amount of data. 

Dictionaries are mutable

Creating a dictionarycrew_details={ “Pilot”:”Kumar”,”Co-pilot”:”Raghav”,”Head-Strewardess”:”Malini”,”Stewardess”:”Mala” }First element in every pair is the key and the second element is the value.
Accessing the value using keycrew_details[“Pilot”]This will return the corresponding value for the specified key
Iterating through the dictionaryfor key,value in crew_details.items():     print(key,”:”,value)items function gives both key and value, which can be used in a for loop.

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Written by My Inquisitor

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